The history of societies and cultures when looked upon from a bird’s eye view, is usually a product of domino effect where certain developments in one part of the world often leads to overall changes in the socio-cultural life of societies living in some other part, generally without mutual knowledge of these happenings. Such is also the case of the East Indian community of Mumbai.
The Ummayads conquered and ruled Sindh for a century before the Abbasids replaced them and lost Sindh from the Arab control. Contemporary to them were three great Indian powers viz. the Rashtrakutas, the Pratiharas, and the Palas. Rashtrakutas were based in the south while the Palas in the east. The Pratiharas shared the frontier with the Arab conquests. But even after the Arab loss of authority in Sindh, no Pratihara ruler thought of reconquering Sindh within the Indic sphere, after their co religionist Dahir had lost it a century prior. It's true that the Pratiharas halted the Arab advance into India but they did not have the political willpower to drive out them from their immediate neighborhood i.e Sind, once and for all. The three great contemporary Indian powers were constantly at each other's throats for the possession of Kannauj and the past glory of Harsha. They never saw each other as co nationalists or sharing the Indian heritage. Neither they had this grand idea of India as a united political realm of Hindus and Hinduism.
The British rule or the Raj as it was popularly known, was one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the Indian sub-continent. Being the last invaders of the land, and with their rule existing for almost two centuries they have left an indelible mark on the south Asian mind which can be felt and observed even today. That being the case, their rule has had a great influence on the affairs of the sub-continent in numerous ways. From the warm cup of chai, to cricket, to the bitter Indo-Pak relations, the British impact can be still seen in various arenas of the subcontinental life.
The Old Testament mentions the ‘Tower of Babel’ through which a united humanity and its learning spread out as different cultures throughout the world. In reality however, there were two distinguished centers of learning and philosophy in the old world, viz. the Eastern and the Western thought.
Since the dawn of organized religions and societies, the concept of sin has been used to bridle mankind and has been one of the most effective tools in that aspect. There’s much to munch on if one one dives into the history of the concept throughout the globe. But for time being lets look at its modern aspects in the Indian context.
Violence is the one of the most basic instincts of human beings. Love is also an equal contender as most people believe, however, no other human instinct has shaped the course of human history as visibly as violence. It is the most reactionary element that has altered the path of human development in countless ways both good and bad.
