The Ummayads conquered and ruled Sindh for a century before the Abbasids replaced them and lost Sindh from the Arab control. Contemporary to them were three great Indian powers viz. the Rashtrakutas, the Pratiharas, and the Palas. Rashtrakutas were based in the south while the Palas in the east. The Pratiharas shared the frontier with the Arab conquests. But even after the Arab loss of authority in Sindh, no Pratihara ruler thought of reconquering Sindh within the Indic sphere, after their co religionist Dahir had lost it a century prior. It's true that the Pratiharas halted the Arab advance into India but they did not have the political willpower to drive out them from their immediate neighborhood i.e Sind, once and for all. The three great contemporary Indian powers were constantly at each other's throats for the possession of Kannauj and the past glory of Harsha. They never saw each other as co nationalists or sharing the Indian heritage. Neither they had this grand idea of India as a united political realm of Hindus and Hinduism.

Muslims have killed more fellow Muslims than any other religions group. The only time a sultan of the Ottoman empire, that grander dynasty amongst the Islamic powers, was taken captive was by Timur a fellow Muslim monarch. Timur, famously called the 'Sword of Islam' slaughtered more Muslims than any other non Islamic group. The Mongols who destroyed Baghdad turning the Euphrates and Tigris red and black with the ink of books and blood of people, effectively ending the Islamic golden age; themselves converted to Islam in Iran within few generations of this incident and proclaimed themselves gazis or holy warriors of Islam.

Constantinople didn't fall in 1453 at the hands of Turks, it succumbed almost two centuries back in 1204 when the Catholic knights leading the fourth crusade mercilessly sacked the greatest city in the hitherto Christendom; a calamitous event from which it never recovered. The Ottoman conquest was just the coup de gras to that already dying entity.

A famous Hindustani saying goes 'hamam me sab nange hote hain'. The elite have always figured out ways to maintain their hold on authority while using the masses as fodder in front of the canon of religion. It has been the same model since the dawn of civilization and will continue till it's doom.

Voltaire once said 'money is the greatest religion'. To which we can safely add that power is the greatest intoxicant there has ever been.